Fire prevention measures for steel structure workshops are generally divided into active fire prevention measures and passive fire prevention measures. Active fire prevention measures refer to active fire extinguishing measures combined with fire detection, which change the behavior at the fire scene, such as sprinkler devices and firefighters' fire extinguishing behavior; passive fire prevention measures refer to taking reasonable measures in structural design and construction measures to improve the fire resistance of steel structure workshops, which do not change the behavior at the fire scene.

Active fire prevention measures for steel structure workshops

The active fire prevention measures for steel structure workshops mainly include automatic fire extinguishing and fire growth suppression systems such as automatic sprinklers and sprays, and in a broad sense also include fire prevention auxiliary and alarm equipment, rapid evacuation signs, firefighting behavior of firefighters, etc. The fire extinguishing success rate of the automatic sprinkler fire extinguishing system is as high as over 95%, which is particularly effective in controlling early fires.

Passive fire prevention measures for steel structure workshops

1. Spraying method

The spraying method is to apply a layer of fire retardant coating on the surface of the steel structure, thereby forming a protective film on the steel structure, using the fire resistance of the material itself or the dense insulation and heat insulation protective layer produced by foaming to delay the temperature rise time of the steel structure and improve the fire resistance limit of the steel structure workshop.

2. Wrapping method

The wrapping method mainly uses solid refractory materials to completely wrap the steel structure workshop. Solid refractory materials are not only non-combustible, but also have a large heat capacity. Using it as a fire-resistant protective layer can slow down the temperature rise of components. At present, steel structure workshops generally use inorganic fireproof boards, such as calcium silicate boards, gypsum boards, vermiculite boards, etc. This method is mainly used for beams, columns and other components with regular shapes, and steel structure workshops with extremely high requirements for dust cleanliness.

3. Shielding method

The shielding method is used for fire protection of steel roofs. The fire-resistant ceiling under the roof is used to delay the temperature rise of the steel roof caused by the fire below. The shielding method is expensive, occupies a large building space, and is rarely used due to problems such as fire at the joints.

4. Water-filled cooling method

The water-filled cooling method is to fill the hollow closed column with water. When a fire occurs, the steel components will transfer the heat absorbed from the fire to the water in the column, so that the temperature of the steel components is maintained at about 100°C. This is the most ideal fire prevention method in theory, but in practice, it is rarely used because of the small number of pipe structures used and the high cost of the circulation system, and the need to consider issues such as rust and frost prevention.

5. Fire-resistant steel

Fire-resistant steel is made by adding alloy elements such as molybdenum to the steel structure, so that the steel can maintain a high strength within the specified fire-resistant time. When there is no fire-resistant layer, it can reach the fire resistance limit of fire-resistant grade 4. In other cases, fire-resistant measures such as fire-resistant coatings should be used, but the thickness of the fire-resistant coating can be greatly reduced, reducing the cost of fire protection.

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